Volatile oil prices, growing demand for energy, concentration of resources in politically sensitive areas and the loom of global warming—these are just a few issues that have made policymakers open their eyes to a banal truth that the continuity of energy supplies cannot be taken for granted. Hardly anyone now calls into question the need for coordinated international action to combat climate change or the mounting strategic significance of energy security for both consumers and producers. Hardly anyone calls into question the need for access to cheap energy as one of the prerequisites of steady economic development and modernization. These issues, the “three E’s”—environmental acceptability, energy security and economic efficiency—are closely interwoven and at the same time to some extent mutually-exclusive. That is why it is necessary to find ways to balance them and to define the potential trade-offs.